Research Proposal: A Gender Gap or Gender Difference? Gender and Political Participation in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies find that men and women tend to do a similar amount of political participation, however, they tend to engage in different forms of participation (Bode, 2017, p. 598; Coffe & Bolzendahl, 2010, p. 330; Van Duyn et al., 2019, p.10; Pfanzelt & Spies, 2019, p. 45). Women tend to engage in more private and flexible forms, whereas men tend to participate in more direct and collective forms (Coffe & Bolzendahl, 2010, 330). However, there is variation when studies take into account the platform. Many studies mention political socialization or gendered socialization as a possible explanation for their findings in regards to women’s political participation trends, while others mention conflict avoidance or role models (Coffe & Bolzendahl, 2010, p. 330; Coffe & Bolzendahl, 2017, p. 149; Beauregard, 2016, p. 87; Bos et al., 2020, p. 477; Carreras, 2018, p. 40; Coffe & Bolzendahl, 2017, p. 149; Pfanzelt & Spies, 2019, p. 45; Caudillo, 2017, p. 128). In this proposal, I intend to discuss my literature review and how I will answer the following main research questions in my honours thesis: Is there a gender gap in overall political participation amongst Canadians? To what extent do views about politics being conflictual explain gendered differences in political participation in Canada? And, to what extent do female role models have an effect on Canadian women’s political participation? I will be using Jamovi programming to complete a quantitative study based on the secondary analysis of Canadian data from a 2021 Kantar administered study designed by Dr. Shelley Boulianne. Department: Sociology Faculty Mentor: Dr. Shelley Boulianne
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it