The Contested Terrain of Canadian Public Administration in Canada's Third Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This essay examines the impact of "new public management" on the Canadian public service. It argues that, without much public debate, the principles by which the public service operates changed dramatically in the 1980s and 1990s. New public management is a complex set of ideas about the political, economic and organizational bases of modem society. It prescribes flexible organizations that seek business efficiency and greater responsiveness to citizen interests, and assumes that government services need not be delivered by governments themselves. It envisions a "partnership" society. New public management has been adopted by Canadian governments as they struggle to balance their budgets; however, its application has redefined government accountability and raised questions about the capacity of governments to deliver services in the third millennium. More robust finances are no panacea for Canada's public services. The impact of e-government, restaffing and debate about the role of government will generate demands for continuing administrative reform.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.038 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".