226 Injuries in youth volleyball players at a national championship competition: incidence, risk factors and mechanism of injury
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<h3>Background</h3> Sport-related injuries present a substantial burden in youth sport. Injury surveillance data in youth volleyball is scarce. Understanding injury and concussion burden can inform prevention strategies. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate injury incidence rates, types, mechanism, and potential risk factors in youth volleyball. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> 2018 Canadian Youth National Volleyball Tournament. <h3>Participants</h3> All tournament players were invited to participate (9616 players). 1876 players [466 males, 1391 females, mean age 16.2 years (1.26)] consented to participate (19.5%). <h3>Assessment of Risk Factors</h3> Sex (male/female), age group (U14, U16, U18), level of play [elite (top 30%) vs. non-elite]. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Players completed a questionnaire (demographic information, injury, and concussion history). All medical attention injuries were recorded by tournament medical personnel via injury report form (e.g., mechanism, type). Injury was defined as any physical complaint seeking onsite medical attention. Concussion was defined using the 5<sup>th</sup> International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport. Exploratory multivariable Poisson regression was used to analyze potential risk factors (sex, age group, level of play) for injury, adjusted for cluster by team and offset by athlete-exposures (AEs). <h3>Results</h3> Of the 105 total injuries [6.15 injuries/1000 AEs (95% CI: 5.01 to 7.47)], concussion was the most common (n=28; 26.2%), followed by knee (n=16; 15.0%) and ankle injuries (n=15; 14.0%). Most concussions occurred due to ball-to-head contact (61.5%) and were unanticipated (84.6%). There was no difference in injury risk by sex (IRR<sub>F/M</sub>: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.73 to 2.66). Players in U18 had significantly lower rates of injury, compared to U16 and U14 (IRR<sub>U16</sub>: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.22 to 4.87; IRR<sub>U14</sub>: 3.58; 95% CI: 1.60 to 8.02). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Players in U18 had the lowest injury rates. More research is needed to elucidate why younger age groups reported more injuries and develop volleyball specific injury and concussion prevention strategies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it