Differentiating-based Vectorization for Sparse Kernels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sparse computations frequently appear in scientific simulations and the performance of these simulations rely heavily on the optimization of the sparse codes. The compact data structures and irregular computation patterns in sparse matrix computations introduce challenges to vectorizing these codes. Available approaches primarily vectorize regular regions of computations in the sparse code. They also reorganize data and computations, at a cost, to increase the number of regular regions. In this work, we propose a novel polyhedral model, called the partially strided codelets (PSC), that enables the vectorization of computation regions with irregular data access patterns. PSCs also improve data locality in sparse computation. Our DDF inspector-executor framework efficiently mines the memory accesses in the sparse computation, using an access function differentiation approach, to find PSC codelets. It generates vectorized code for the sparse matrix multiplication kernel (SpMV), a kernel with parallel outer loops, and for kernels with carried dependence, specifically the sparse triangular solver (SpTRSV). We demonstrate the performance of the DDF-generated code on a set of 60 large and small matrices (0.05-130M nonzeros). DDF outperforms the highly specialized library MKL with an average speedup of 1.93 and 4.5X for SpMV and SpTRSV, respectively. For the same matrices, DDF outperforms the state-of-the-art inspector-executor framework Sympiler [1] for the SpTRSV kernel by up to 11X and the work by Augustine et. al [2] for the SpMV kernel by up to 12X.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".