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Record W3215763178 · doi:10.1101/2021.11.19.21266436

Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative: powering genetic discovery across human diseases

2021· preprint· en· W3215763178 on OpenAlex
Wei Zhou, Masahiro Kanai, Kuan-Han Wu, Kristin Tsuo, Jibril Hirbo, Ying Wang, Arjun Bhattacharya, Huiling Zhao, Shinichi Namba, Ida Surakka, Brooke N. Wolford, Valeria Lo Faro, Esteban A. Lopera-Maya, Kristi Läll, Marie-Julie Favé, Sinéad B. Chapman, Juha Karjalainen, Mitja Kurki, Mutaamba Maasha, Ben Brumpton, Sameer Chavan, Tzu‐Ting Chen, Michelle Daya, Yi Ding, Yen‐Chen Anne Feng, Christopher R. Gignoux, Sarah E. Graham, Whitney Hornsby, Nathan Ingold, Ruth Johnson, Triin Laisk, Kuang Lin, Jun Lv, Iona Y. Millwood, Priit Palta, Anita Pandit, Michael Preuß, Unnur Þorsteinsdóttir, Jasmina Uzunović, Matthew Zawistowski, Xue Zhong, Archie Campbell, Kristy Crooks, Geertruida H. de Bock, Nicholas J. Douville, Sarah Finer, Lars G. Fritsche, Chris Griffiths, Yu Guo, Karen A. Hunt, Takahiro Konuma, Riccardo E. Marioni, Jansonius Nomdo, Snehal Patil, Nicholas Rafaels, Anne Richmond, Jonathan Shortt, Péter Straub, Ran Tao, Brett Vanderwerff, Kathleen C. Barnes, Marike Boezen, Zhengming Chen, Chia‐Yen Chen, Judy H. Cho, George Davey Smith, Hilary K. Finucane, Lude Franke, Eric R. Gamazon, Andrea Ganna, Tom R. Gaunt, Tian Ge, Hailiang Huang, Jennifer E. Huffman, Clara Lajonchere, Matthew H. Law, Liming Li, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Ruth J. F. Loos, Stuart MacGregor, Koichi Matsuda, Catherine M. Olsen, David J. Porteous, Jordan A. Shavit, Harold Snieder, Richard C. Trembath, Judith M. Vonk, David C. Whiteman, Stephen J. Wicks, Cisca Wijmenga, John Wright, Jie Zheng, Xiang Zhou, Philip Awadalla, Michael Boehnke, Nancy J. Cox, Daniel H. Geschwind, Caroline Hayward, Kristian Hveem, Eimear E. Kenny, Reedik Mägi, Hilary C. Martin, Sarah E. Medland, Yukinori Okada, Aarno Palotie, Bogdan Paşaniuc, Serena Sanna, Jordan W. Smoller, Kāri Stefánsson, David A. van Heel, Robin Walters, Sebastian Zoellner

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenuemedRxiv · 2021
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetic Associations and Epidemiology
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoOntario Institute for Cancer Research
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBiobankGenome-wide association studyGenetic associationGenetic epidemiologyGeographyBiologyGeneticsSingle-nucleotide polymorphismGenotypeGene

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Summary Biobanks are being established across the world to understand the genetic, environmental, and epidemiological basis of human diseases with the goal of better prevention and treatments. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been very successful at mapping genomic loci for a wide range of human diseases and traits, but in general, lack appropriate representation of diverse ancestries - with most biobanks and preceding GWAS studies composed of individuals of European ancestries. Here, we introduce the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI) -- a collaborative network of 19 biobanks from 4 continents representing more than 2.1 million consented individuals with genetic data linked to electronic health records. GBMI meta-analyzes summary statistics from GWAS generated using harmonized genotypes and phenotypes from member biobanks. GBMI brings together results from GWAS analysis across 6 main ancestry groups: approximately 33,000 of African ancestry either from Africa or from admixed-ancestry diaspora (AFR), 18,000 admixed American (AMR), 31,000 Central and South Asian (CSA), 341,000 East Asian (EAS), 1.4 million European (EUR), and 1,600 Middle Eastern (MID) individuals. In this flagship project, we generated GWASs from across 14 exemplar diseases and endpoints, including both common and less prevalent diseases that were previously understudied. Using the genetic association results, we validate that GWASs conducted in biobanks worldwide can be successfully integrated despite heterogeneity in case definitions, recruitment strategies, and baseline characteristics between biobanks. We demonstrate the value of this collaborative effort to improve GWAS power for diseases, increase representation, benefit understudied diseases, and improve risk prediction while also enabling the nomination of disease genes and drug candidates by incorporating gene and protein expression data and providing insight into the underlying biology of the studied traits.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.052
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.003
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.058
GPT teacher head0.358
Teacher spread0.301 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it