Mitigation of hippocampal cellular apoptosis and neuroinflammation after MV by diaphragm neurostimulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale: Our group has shown an elevated presence of apoptotic cells and reactive astrocytes after mechanical ventilation (MV). No studies have investigated strategies to reduce brain insult after MV. Temporary transvenous diaphragm neurostimulation (TTDN) activates the diaphragm in conjunction with MV. Objectives: Investigate whether TTDN plus lung-protective MV for 50 hours mitigates hippocampal cellular apoptosis and neuroinflammation, evaluating the correlation between the prevalence of apoptotic cells and reactive astrocytes. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy pigs with non-injured lungs were divided into four groups: MV, TTDN50%+MV, TTDN100%+MV and NV (Figure 1). TUNEL assay marked apoptotic cells and GFAP assay marked reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus. Results: TTDN groups demonstrated lower prevalence of apoptotic cells and reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus than the MV group. Differences in percentages of TUNEL-positive and GFAP-positive cells were statistically significant between groups, p < 0.0001. Pearson correlation showed a linear, positive, and strong relationship between percentages of TUNEL-positive and GFAP-positive hippocampal cells, r=0.7436, p<0.0001 (Figure 1A-C). Conclusions: TTDN+MV mitigates hippocampal cellular apoptosis and neuroinflammation after 50 hours. The relationship between TUNEL-positive and GFAP-positive cells shows a linear, strong, and positive correlation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".