Plasma copeptin is increased and associated with smaller kidney volume in young adults born very preterm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Plasma copeptin, a surrogate marker for vasopressin levels, is increased in neonates born preterm, particularly in those with a more severe neonatal course, as reflected by bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Copeptin levels in adulthood are unknown. Methods: In this case-control study of 101 adults born very preterm (<30 weeks of gestation) and 105 control adults born full-term, a comprehensive clinical and biological assessment was performed, including blood pressure measurements, kidney ultrasound and determination of plasma copeptin, renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, apelin, sodium and potassium, serum and morning urine osmolality. Results: The median age in the study was 23.1 years [interquartile range (IQR) 21.2-24.8] and 57% were females. In males, the median copeptin levels were 8.2 pmol/L (IQR 6.3-12.4) and 6.1 pmol/L (IQR 4.3-9.0) in the preterm and term groups, respectively (P = 0.022). In females, the median copeptin levels were 5.2 pmol/L (IQR 3.9-7.6) and 4.0 pmol/L (IQR 2.8-5.7) in the preterm and term groups, respectively (P = 0.005). Adults born preterm with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia had further increased copeptin levels. The kidney volume, adjusted for height, was smaller and albuminuria was higher in the preterm group, and both were associated with higher plasma copeptin levels. Conclusions: Plasma copeptin is higher in young adults born preterm and is related to a more severe neonatal course and smaller kidney volume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".