Washable and Stretchable Zn–MnO<sub>2</sub> Rechargeable Cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A cell that can operate even when doubled in length, and that withstands washing is demonstrated. The cell employs rechargeable and safe zinc/manganese dioxide chemistry. It incorporates a biocompatible poly(styrene – isobutylene – styrene) (SIBS) polymer as encapsulation, and in all layers. The SIBS‐based separator, made using solvent evaporation‐induced phase separation, has an ionic conductivity of 0.05 S m−1. Electrodes contain carbon black, combined with active particles and SIBS as the binder. Stretchable current collectors are carbon black/carbon nanofiber/SIBS composites and exhibit a sheet resistance of 27 Ω ⬜−1 under 100% strain. These components are encapsulated by SIBS membranes into a full cell, thin‐film configuration, creating a single, polymer‐based intrinsically stretchable battery. The resulting cell has a reversible specific capacity of 160 mAh g−1 cathode active mass. Capacity retention is 75% following 500 charge and discharge cycles. Owing to the low permeability of SIBS and the excellent adhesion between its layers, the battery has a good shelf‐life (22% mass loss of electrolyte after 523 days) and can withstand 39 washing cycles. The high capacity relative to other stretchable cells, along with the low materials cost, safe chemistry, durability, and washability, make this SIBS cell attractive for wearables and other applications that benefit from stretchability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".