Epitope mapping and the effects of various factors on the immunoreactivity of main allergens in egg white
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Egg white has high protein content and numerous biological/functional properties. However, reported allergenicity for some of the proteins in egg white is an issue that needs to be paid exclusive attention. A consideration of the structure of IgE epitopes and their sequences, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the effects of various processes on epitopes and the impact of the gastrointestinal tract on them, can help target such issues. The current study focuses on the identified IgE epitopes in egg white proteins and evaluation of the effects of the gastrointestinal digestion, carbohydrate moiety, food matrix, microbial fermentation, recombinant allergen, heat treatment, Maillard reaction and combination of various processes and gastrointestinal digestion on egg white allergenicity. Although the gastrointestinal tract reduces the immunoreactivity of native egg white proteins, some of the IgE epitope-containing fragments remain intact during the digestion process. It has been found that the gastrointestinal tract can have both positive and negative impacts on the IgE binding activities of egg white proteins. Elimination of the carbohydrate moiety leads to a reduction in the immunoreactivity of ovalbumin. But, such effects from the carbohydrate parts in the IgE binding activity need to be explored further. In addition, the interaction between the egg white proteins and the food matrix leads to various effects from the gastrointestinal tract on the digestion of egg white proteins and their subsequent immunoreactivity. Further on this matter, studies have shown that both microbial fermentation and Maillard reaction can reduce the IgE binding activities of egg white proteins. Also, as an alternate approach, the thermal process can be used to treat the egg white proteins, which may result in the reduction or increase in their IgE binding activities depending on the conditions used in the process. Overall, based on the reported data, the allergenicity levels of egg white proteins can be mitigated or escalated depending on the conditions applied in the processing of the food products containing egg white. So far, no practical solutions have been reported to eliminate such allergenicity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".