Organic Rankine Cycle- and Photovoltaic/Thermal-Solar Assisted Heat Pump-Based Micro-Trigeneration Systems: Comparative Performances in Canadian Condition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As the energy demand for heating and cooling requires a significant quantity of residential energy consumption in nearly all nations, there is a need for performant and cost-effective energy systems for cooling, heating and power generation. On noteworthy applicability, this paper investigates the combination of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system in parallel with a solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) with flat plat collectors (FPCs). A dynamic simulation model has been created in TRNSYS software to assess the performance of the micro-trigeneration system. The feasibility of this hybrid energy system along with its comparison with a combined photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T)-SAHP is examined for utilisation in residential buildings. Simulation results show that both systems are viable solutions for trigeneration application. These systems are able to supply cooling, heat, and power for a residential house in Ottawa (Ontario, Canada). Especially, the proposed ORC-SAHP system could efficiently substitute the PV/T equivalent system from the perspective of power generation effectiveness, demonstrating its potential advantages and utilisation in micro-trigeneration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".