222 Do physical contacts and head contacts differ in female ice hockey and ringette? A video-analysis study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<h3>Background</h3> A Canadian study reports the highest concussion rates in ringette and ice hockey, compared to other female team sports. Although high-intensity physical contacts (PC) are prohibited in both sports, player-to-player PCs accounted for 58–64% of injuries. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare incidence rates (IR) of in-game PCs, head contacts (HC), and suspected injuries in female varsity ice hockey and ringette. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional. <h3>Setting</h3> Canadian ice hockey arenas. <h3>Participants</h3> Female university ringette and ice hockey tournament/playoff games in the 2018–2019/2019–2020 seasons. <h3>Assessment of Risk Factors</h3> Game video-recordings were analyzed using Dartfish video-analysis software. Validated criteria were used to assess PC intensity (level 1–5), PC type (e.g., trunk contact, push), HC type (i.e., HC1=direct player-to-player, HC2=indirect environmental), and suspected injury (i.e., concussion, musculoskeletal). <h3>Main Outcome Measurements</h3> Univariate Poisson regression analyses (adjusted for cluster by team, offset by game-minutes) was used to estimate PC and HC IRs and incidence rate ratios (IRRs, 95% confidence intervals) comparing sports. <h3>Results</h3> Analyses of 36 team-games (n=18 ringette, n=18 ice hockey) revealed that ringette had a 19% lower rate of PCs (IR=310.38 contacts/100 team-minutes, 95%CI;285.40–337.54) than ice hockey (IR=382.48 contacts/100 team-minutes, 95%CI;356.80–410.00) (IRR=0.81, 95%CI;0.73–0.90). Ringette had a 68% higher rate (IRR=1.68, 95%CI:1.22–2.31) of total HCs (IR=17.92 contacts/100 team-minutes, 95%CI;14.71–21.83) compared to ice hockey (IR=10.67 contacts/100 team-minutes, 95%CI;8.28–13.75). Ringette had a 3-fold higher rate (IRR=3.11, 95%CI;1.13–8.60) of suspected injury (IR=1.46 HCs/100 team-minutes, 95%CI;0.72–2.93) compared to ice hockey (IR=0.47 HCs/100 team-minutes, 95%CI;0.22–1.00). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrated a lower rate of PCs in ringette than female ice hockey. However, ringette had a significantly higher rate of HCs and suspected injuries than ice hockey. These findings can inform future research targeting prevention strategies in both sports.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it