The international network of Arthur Löbbecke (1850-1932), banker in Braunschweig and one of the foremost collectors of Greek coins, through his early correspondence with foreigners (1876-1889)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With more than 28,000 carefully selected pieces, Arthur Lobbecke, a rich banker from Braunschweig, built one of the most important collections of Greek coins ever. Purchased by the Berlin coin cabinet in 1906, it still represents more than a quarter of the complete collection for Greek and Roman Provincial coinages. The Berlin coin cabinet also keeps his astonishingly vast correspondence, estimated to comprise more than 6,000 letters, almost all fully devoted to numismatics. This is without known parallel and provides some of the best possible evidence to reconstruct the social network of the 19th-century ‘republic of medals’. This paper focuses on small part of this voluminous correspondence: the letters which were not written in German and sent between 1876 and 1889.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".