Effects of NEFAs during IVM on pig embryos from granulosa cell‐cocultured oocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are elevated in some females, which can impair oocyte maturation and embryo development, and may alter the phenotype of the progeny. However, the effects of NEFAs on human embryo development are not clear due to ethical limitations. Thus, we used pig as the model to investigate the impacts of NEFAs on oocyte and embryo due to their similar reproductive and metabolic physiologies to humans. In this study, porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes were in vitro maturated under a pathologically high concentration of NEFAs (468 μM palmitic acid, 194 μM stearic acid, and 534 μM oleic acid) with the presence of granulosa cell monolayer, in contrast to control without NEFAs. The mature oocytes were fertilized to produce embryos for further analysis of the transcriptome and DNA methylation patterns. The elevated level of NEFAs decreased the blastocyst rate and delayed the blastocyst development. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that the most affected gene pathways were related mainly to cell activities, metabolism, and inflammation. These findings indicated that oocytes exposed to the exogenous high level of NEFAs during in vitro maturation resulted in altered gene expression and DNA methylation of early embryos, which have detrimental impacts on blastocyst quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".