Clinical presentation and maternal-fetal outcomes of Mirror Syndrome: A case series of 10 affected pregnancies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Mirror Syndrome, also known as Ballantyne syndrome, is a rare condition with fewer than 120 cases described in the literature. A simultaneous edematous state of the mother, fetus and placenta is pathognomonic, with the maternal condition frequently presenting with signs and symptoms similar to that of preeclampsia. Objective: Our aim was to add to the international body of literature through identification of all cases of Mirror Syndrome at two Canadian tertiary obstetric centres and characterize the maternal presentation, laboratory findings, and perinatal outcomes. Methodology: We performed a retrospective chart review of all cases of fetal hydrops from two tertiary centres in Winnipeg (Manitoba, Canada) between 2000 and 2019. There were 276 cases of fetal hydrops during this period, of which 10 cases satisfied the diagnostic criteria for Mirror Syndrome where maternal and perinatal outcomes were analysed. Results: ). The most common maternal clinical findings included weight gain (100%) and hypertension (90%). The most common laboratory findings included low hematocrit (100%), hypoalbuminemia (80%), anemia (70%) and hyperuricemia (70%). Structural anomalies were observed in 50% of cases, over half of the fetuses were stillborn (66.7%) and one quarter of pregnancies resulted in neonatal deaths (25%). The median time until maternal improvement of Mirror Syndrome was 2 days postpartum. Conclusion: Mirror Syndrome affected 3.6% of all cases of fetal hydrops in our cohort, and showed associations with multiparity, elevated BMI, hemodilution, hypoalbuminemia, anemia and hyperuricemia. Delivery is frequently required for fetal and/or maternal indications and symptoms usually improved rapidly after delivery.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".