Survey on Deep Learning-Based Marine Object Detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a survey on marine object detection based on deep neural network approaches, which are state-of-the-art approaches for the development of autonomous ship navigation, maritime surveillance, shipping management, and other intelligent transportation system applications in the future. The fundamental task of maritime transportation surveillance and autonomous ship navigation is to construct a reachable visual perception system that requires high efficiency and high accuracy of marine object detection. Therefore, high-performance deep learning-based algorithms and high-quality marine-related datasets need to be summarized. This survey focuses on summarizing the methods and application scenarios of maritime object detection, analyzes the characteristics of different marine-related datasets, highlights the marine detection application of the YOLO series model, and also discusses the current limitations of object detection based on deep learning and possible breakthrough directions. The large-scale, multiscenario industrialized neural network training is an indispensable link to solve the practical application of marine object detection. A widely accepted and standardized large-scale marine object verification dataset should be proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".