Variability in remigial moult chronology and nutrient dynamics of Surf Scoters Melanita perspicillata
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little is known of the moulting ecology of the Surf Scoter Melanita perspicillata . In this study, we quantify the age and sex composition of moulting flocks, determine moulting chronology and consistency between years, and assess the body condition of scoters moulting along the coast of Labrador, Canada, during 2004–2007. Flocks of moulting scoters were comprised mainly of adult male Surf Scoters and the proportion of adults and sub-adults varied among years. Adult and sub-adult males had similar structural size and body mass but differed in bill morphology. The forecrown patch was a good indicator of age in males during moult, being fully developed in adult males and partially developed in sub-adults. Female Surf Scoters moulted later than males and adult males moulted slightly earlier than sub-adult males. We estimated that Surf Scoters were able to fly when their primaries reached 80% of their full growth, which yielded a flightless period of at least 35 days. We did not find any changes in leg, breast and liver lipid and proteins, but did observe a slight increase in total lipid levels as moult progressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".