The magnetic fields and stellar winds of the mature late F-stars: β Virginis and θ Draconis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mapping the large-scale magnetic field in late F-type stars is important for understanding the nature of the stellar dynamo and the dynamics of thin outer convection zones. We use Zeeman Doppler Imaging to produce multi-epoch maps of the surface magnetic field for two mature late F-type stars: β Virginis (F9V) and θ Draconis (F8IV). We also provide a magnetohydrodynamic model for the stellar winds from the corona to the inner astrosphere, which exists in an environment at the hot end of habitability for exoplanets. Our results show that either simple or complex dynamo magnetic fields are present in mature late F-type stars, with shallow outer convection zones. The results of stellar wind modelling show the average space weather for β Vir at a distance of 1 au falls within the range of space weather conditions observed at Earth, while θ Dra produces a wind pressure an order of magnitude stronger than the Sun’s wind pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".