Effects of cassava mill effluent on some chemical and micro-biological properties of soils in Cross River State, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper examines the effects of cassava mill effluent on the Physicochemical and biological properties of soils of Obubra and Odukpani Local Areas in Cross River State after long time of pollution by the effluent. The soil samples were collected with an auger at the depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm in each of the polluted and non-polluted soils. The results showed that the texture of the soil ranged from sandy to loamy sand in polluted soils and sandy loam in non-polluted soils. The pH ranged from 5.1 to 6.6 and organic carbon from 0.86 to 1.69% in polluted soils. The total nitrogen content ranged from 0.08 to 0.53% while the CEC was low in polluted soils and ranged from 2.50 to 5.50 cmol kg-1. Calcium and Sodium ranged from 1.80 to 3.00 cmolkg-1 and 0.05 to 0.12 cmolkg-1 respectively. The bacteria and fungi isolated in the polluted soils of Obubra and Odukpani were Lactococcus lactic, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus lactis, Aspergillius Niger and rhizopus spp,.Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Penicullum spp. were only isolated in non-polluted and polluted soils of Odukpani. The cassava effluent increased pH, N, organic carbon, exchangeable acidity, microorganisms and decreased CEC, available P, Mg and K.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".