Chest excursion and breathing patterns in the aged
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ヒトの呼吸様式が老化に影響されるのか,また呼吸様式には性差があるのか否かについて検討した.対象は,高齢者24名(男10名,女14名,平均72.0歳)で,対照群として健常大学生30名(男女15名ずつ,平均20.4歳)が参加した.巻尺を腋窩と剣状突起の高さで当て,平静呼吸時の呼息時と吸息時の胸囲を測った.高齢男性では二つの高さ共に高齢女性と若年男性に比べて胸囲が有意に大きかった.上部胸郭の動きの胸郭全体の動きに対する割合は,男女共に,また高齢・若年者共に43～45%であり,有意差は認められなかった.呼吸理学療法においては,下位肺の換気・血流比の低いこと,また高齢者においては胸郭コンプライアンスの低下に鑑み,呼吸様式として下胸呼吸や横隔膜呼吸を指導することが望ましい
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".