Spring Snowmelt Impact on Phosphorus Addition to Surface Runoff in the Northern Great Plains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ovement of nutrients in surface runoff is a natural process in the environment. Under so-called pre- settlement conditions in the NGP, surface runoff naturally moved nutrients from grasslands, parklands, and forests. Nutrients in runoff exist primarily in either dissolved form or particulate form (attached to soil particles). Move- ment of nutrients in runoff is essential to aquatic ecosystem health as a source of nutrients for microbes, aquatic plants, and aquatic animals. The movement of nutrients from the landscape to water bodies, however, can be enhanced by human activities includ- ing agriculture, forestry, urbanization, industry, and recreation. These activities can promote nutrient loss through land clear- ing, and the application to land of fertilizers, manures, treated sewage, industrial waste effluents, and sludges. As an example, an 8-year water quality monitoring study of 23 agricultural watersheds in Alberta showed that as agricultural intensity
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".