Bibliographic record
Abstract
CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN A CHANGING WORLD John Kirton Toronto: Nelson, 2007. 592pp, $73.95 cloth (ISBN 017625207x).What stands out about John Kirton is his optimistic spirit. In his book, there is no doom-and-gloom image of disappearing from view in affairs. Far from being in a steep decline, continues to be a pivotal power, a status both recognized and amplified by its membership in what Kirton privileges as central club of global governance, Group of Eight (G8). is firmly up with big players at apex of hierarchy of states.Kirtoris position on Canadian foreign policy was established in early 19803 with publication of his co-authored book with David Dewitt, as a Principal Power. ascendant position at that time was deemed to be a result of a mix of structure and agency. Under conditions of resource booms (with both global fuel and food shocks), material strengths had been underscored. Moreover, diplomatic room for manoeuvre was opened up by combination of apparent decline of US hegemony and explicit pursuit of national interest by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. had risen to top in international status ranking by taking on a role in establishing, specifying, and enforcing order (38).Kirtoris newly published text, Canadian Foreign Policy in a Changing World, updates and expands on these themes. Despite its title, there is as much continuity as there is change in Kirtoris perception of location and space in world. Once again, US leadership is seen as being eroded, albeit this time as a result of Iraq and overstretch of its military, not detente. The opportunities for in global affairs far outweigh its vulnerabilities.The major shift in Kirton approach between two eras has been a narrowing of lens for framing Canadian foreign policy. In original work, was viewed as making a difference everywhere and on everything. principal power profile and capabilities were traced through diffuse case studies ranging from issues dealing with outer space to Middle East.In new book, role is recalibrated through an institutional concentration, and pride of place is given to role in Gy/S, especially its performance as host ofthat forum or club from Montebello in 1981 to Kananasksis in 2002. Instead of looking at issues from a functional perspective, role of as a joiner is magnified, with a focus on as a member of NATO, APEC, OAS, UN, and of course G8. Indeed, special attention is given to what Kirton terms Summit System of Institutions (499).A flavour of optimistic spirit that pervades text is captured by some of subheadings in regional overviews. The chapter on CanadaUS relations contains a section on Canada as a competitive global governor, while Europe and chapters highlight expanded eurocentricity and Canada's expansion in Americas respectively. And is viewed as taking on many of responsibilities-formerly attributed to Britain, France, and US-for African development. Looking through a framework that highlights specific initiatives, whether Zaire in 1996, African partnership forum, or G8 Africa action plan, Africa is taken to be the region where emergence as a principal power in a diffuse system [has been] most pronounced (368).The fact that Kirtoris view of Canadian foreign policy is a minority view does not deter him. Indeed, more he has become a rare species of Canadian academic, more his sense of confidence shines through. In early 19803, principal power perspective enjoyed some solid company. A collection edited by Norman Hillmer and Garth Stevenson in 1977 contained essays by a mix of academic notables around theme of as a foremost nation. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.015 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".