Value Engineering of a Spliced Girder Bridge Produces Pretensioned Concrete Records
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A single point interchange bridge construction contract in Omaha, Nebraska was awarded to Hawkins Construction Company in 2003. The bridge is expected to be completed in the summer of 2004. The single span bridge has a length of 63 m (206.7 ft) and an overall width of 35.4 m (116 ft.). It utilizes NU2000PT Nebraska1 post-tensioned standard I girders. The original design called for three girder segments per girder line, with two cast-in-place concrete splice joints. An investigation into the possibility of making the NU2000 girders in a single 63 m piece was underway at the time of writing this abstract. If successful, it will be a record piece length in Nebraska, and possibly in the U.S. The web of the precast pretensioned girder would only be 150 mm (5.9 in.) wide, which is the standard pretensioned beam web width in Nebraska. The North American record length is currently held by the 65 m NU2800 spliced girders used for the Bow River Bridge near Calgary, Alberta, Canada. However, those pieces were deeper, had less pretensioning, and were wider due to post-tensioning requirements. This paper describes the engineering and construction issues faced in the design, handling, shipping, and erection for these very long, slender and highly pretensioned girders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".