Heat stress prevents overload‐induced hypertrophy of myosin heavy chain type I fiber area, but does not alter structural damage or localized patterns of cellular replication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) inhibits compensatory hypertrophy in the rat plantaris muscle by preventing the accumulation of myosin heavy chain type I (MHC‐I) protein. However, it is unknown whether HS also affects MHC‐I fiber area, structural changes, nuclear accumulation and localized satellite cell activation in overloaded plantaris. Thirty Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent synergistic ablation and were divided into non‐heat stressed (NHS) and heat stressed (15‐min, 42°C) groups. The contralateral limb was used as a control. Muscles were assessed after 1, 3 and 7 days of functional overload. MHC‐I fiber area was not significantly different between NHS and HS plantaris muscles after 1 day of overload (0.228 mm 2 vs. 0.172 mm 2 ,respectively); however, MHC‐I fiber area was significantly greater in the NHS plantaris compared to HS plantaris after 3‐ and 7‐days (0.364 mm 2 vs. 0.193 mm 2 and 0.442 mm 2 vs. 0.237 mm 2 , respectively). Localized Myf‐5, PCNA and MyoD suggested a similar pattern of satellite cell activation in both NHS and HS plantaris muscles on all days. Overload induced progressive structural damage and massive accumulation of nuclei in the deep portion of the plantaris regardless of a prior HS. These results suggest that HS may prevent an overload‐induced increase in MHC‐I fiber area by restricting protein expression in existing fibers, rather than via altered replication signals, tissue strain or nuclear accumulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".