Bibliographic record
Abstract
Yiddish Folksongs from the Ruth Rubin Archive, by Ruth Rubin, edited by Chana Mlotek and Mark Slobin. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, in cooperation with YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2007. CD included. 288 pp. $34.95. Ruth Rubin (1906-1999) is one of the most well-known preservationists of Yiddish folksong during the second half of the twentieth century. Her Folkways recording of Yiddish songs, Jewish Life: The Old Country (1964), was preceded by her Treasury of Jewish Folksongs (1950) and followed by her book Voices of a People (1979), but a later anthology of Yiddish song remained unpublished at her death. Now her friends and admirers Chana Mlotek and Mark Slobin both famous in the field of Yiddish research and musicology - have lovingly completed this posthumous work and provided at the same time a biography of Ruth Rubin and an assessment of her accomplishments. The collection contains 144 songs which Rubin obtained from Yiddishspeaking immigrants who had come to Canada and America from Europe from shortly before World War I to shortly after World War II. A list of her 71 informants is given on pages 283-284. According to the editors, Rubin gathered several immigrants together at a time and had each of them sing songs remembered from their childhood, which the others would respond to. In this way memories would be jogged and variants noted. Each of the songs has a rubric indicating who sang the song, the date, and the location where the song was heard. When musical concordances are known (especially in the most important Yiddish collections by Beregovsky, Cahan, Ginzburg and Marek, Idelsohn, and others), they are referred to. Rubin's transcriptions are just as she heard the pieces: monophonie, without accompaniment (one song has a fiddle supplement). Each song has a brief melody, which is then repeated to subsequent strophes. There is minimal attempt to edit: no dynamics, no tempos, no articulation. The songs are syllabic and fall comfortably within the ranges of amateur singers. While the tunes are carefully transcribed, inevitably the little diversions in intonation and tempo of the informer are not indicated. This makes for easy reading, but a modern performer unfamiliar with Yiddish as spoken in Eastern Europe a century ago should also consult the CD to get the special flavor of this incredible language. The first strophe of the Yiddish text is presented with the music, followed by a complete text (all strophes) with an English translation. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.122 | 0.052 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".