Targeted PGE2 inhibition enhances anti-viral immunity through induction of Type I interferon in macrophages (P6180)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The 1918 Spanish Influenza virus pandemic had a major impact on the rise in popularity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although these drugs are used extensively for the management of Influenza symptoms, their role in anti-viral immunity is poorly understood. NSAIDs act mainly by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes involved in the synthesis of all prostaglandins, including PGE2. We now show that during Influenza infection, upregulated PGE2 inhibited macrophage type I interferon production and apoptosis via EP2 and EP4 receptors, thereby increasing virus replication. This inhibitory role of PGE2 was not limited to innate immunity since both antigen presentation and T cell mediated immunity were also suppressed. Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E-synthase 1 (mPGES-1), and thereby PGE2, in human Mϕ was protective against Flu infection. These data show that the mPGES-1/PGE2 pathway is specifically targeted by Influenza virus to evade host anti-viral immunity and propose that specific inhibition of PGE2 may serve as a new treatment for viral infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".