HIV and men who have sex with men: Where is the Canadian epidemic headed?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Available data suggest that there was an increase in HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 1999-2000 compared to preceding years at least in some parts of Canada. This finding is substantiated by data on ongoing sexual risk behaviour among MSM as well as data showing increases in rectal gonorrhea or outbreaks of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM in several large urban centres across the country. Recent national studies have shown similar increases in rates of STIs in the general population as well. The Canadian situation in relation to MSM is discussed in the context of recent data that are emerging on the extent of HIV STIs and associated risk behaviours among MSM internationally. Increases in HIV incidence have been observed in San Francisco and Madrid. An upswing in HIV-associated risk behaviours and/or STIs has also been observed among MSM in major cities in the US the Netherlands England and Australia. Possible explanations for these trends are discussed and specific recommendations are made to revitalize HIV prevention efforts among MSM to conduct more research on gay mens health and wellness and to improve surveillance of HIV and sexual risk behaviours. (authors)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".