Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae), a new record for the Manitoba mosquito fauna
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) is a bird-feeding mosquito that is known as the primary maintenance vector of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in the eastern United States (Mahmood and Crans 1998). In North America, it occurs from Maine, southern Quebec and eastern Ontario, south to southern Florida, west to eastern Texas and north to the lower Great Lakes region and southeastern Minnesota (Darsie and Ward 2005). In Canada, Cs. melanura has been reported from Quebec and Ontario (Wood et al. 1979) and also from St. John’s, Newfoundland (Nielsen and Mokry 1982; Hustins 2006). Culiseta melanura is primarily associated with lowland swamp or bog habitats as this species favours acidic water with a pH of 5.0 or lower (Pierson and Morris 1982). This species is multivoltine with at least two generations in Canada (Wood et al. 1979). Larvae overwinter and females deposit egg rafts directly onto water in lowland swamp habitats (Mahmood and Crans 1998). Females will often seek out passageways through the root mat of trees or water-filled depressions in sphagnum bogs to deposit eggs (Wood et al. 1979) and larvae often overwinter in these “crypts” (Pierson and Morris 1982). During the summer of 2004, adult mosquitoes were collected from different locations within and around the city of Winnipeg as part of a project to develop molecular methodologies for mosquito identification. While sorting samples, we encountered one specimen which, based on morphological characteristics, was identified as Cs. melanura. Molecular techniques were used to confirm this identification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".