Poverty and Inequality in the Niger Delta: Is National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy the Answer?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper examines economic poverty and educational poverty in the Niger Delta, a region endowed with enormous, but misused, resources. The National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies (NEEDS) is contrasted with other poverty reduction strategies. The blindness of NEEDS to the complex causes of the situation in the Niger Delta is noted. The issues analyzed concern the emphasis placed on market forces, the schemes used to finance education, and the choice of provision of education towards equality. The final section of the article gives a critical reading of the strategy currently adopted to reduce the incidence of poverty in Nigeria and its failure in the Niger Delta. The paper rejects the NEEDS framework of rolling back the state in favor of market forces as an ineffective education and economic plan for an already disempowered and impoverished region. The paper argues for a targeted, broad-based NEEDS strategy that is focused on re-orienting values, reducing economic and educational poverty, creating wealth, and developing a strong state for mobilizing resources for economic empowerment and sustainable development. Cet article examine la pauvreté sur les plans économique et éducationel dans le Delta du Niger, une région nantie de ressources énormes mais mal utilisées. Les stratégies NEEDS (National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies) se heurtent aux autres stratégies pour la réduction de la pauvreteé. Les auteurs remarquent que les stratégies NEEDS ferment les yeux aux causes complexes de la situation au Delta du Niger. Les problèmes analysés sont centrés sur l'emphase placée sur les forces du marché, les programmes pour financer lèenseignement, et sur le choix des provisions de l'enseignement vers l'égalité. La dernière section de l'article offre une critique de la stratégie présentement adoptée pour réduire la pauvreté en Nigérie et son échec au Delta du Niger. L'article rejète le cadre de travail de NEEDS dans lequel le rôle de l'état cède le pas aux forces du marché. Pour les auteurs, ceci est un plan inefficace pour l'enseignement comme pour l'économie pour cette région déjà démunie du pouvoir et déjà appauvrie. L'article propose pour les NEEDS, une stratégie mieux axée sur les buts et aux bases plus enlargies, et qui est centrée sur la réorientation des valeurs, la réduction des pauvretés économique et éducationnelle, la création des biens, et le développement d'un état fort pour mobiliser les ressources capables de créer un pouvoir économique et un développement continu.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".