Estimation of Costs of Cars and Light Truck Use per Vehicle-Kilometer in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vehicle operating cost information is important for many types of transportation policy analysis, planning and economic evaluation, such as project benefit/cost analysis. As one component of the overall full cost investigation, this paper presents the results of a detailed study to estimate the costs per vehicle kilometer of Canadian owned cars and light trucks use in the year 2000 including capital costs of depreciation of the vehicle, financing cost of vehicle purchase, fuel costs, registration or license fees, road or bridge tolls, insurance, and other maintenance and operating costs. A total of 11 vehicle classes are included in the analysis from a two-seater auto to a large cargo van. Then a typical vehicle representing each vehicle class/vintage is used to estimate ownership and operating cost of each vehicle class including depreciation, insurance premium, and fuel and other operating costs in different Canadian provinces. Costs of operating in congested conditions are examined via a literature search while cost comparison of U.S. and Canadian costs on Canadian roads shows that U.S. vehicles generally operate at a 21% lower cost than Canadian vehicles.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it