Neonatal maternal separation promotes respiratory instability during heat exposure in 12 days old rats: sex‐specific role of O <sub>2</sub> chemosensitivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) interferes with respiratory control development. In adult male (but not female) rats, NMS increases the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and augments respiratory instability during sleep. Because the effects of NMS on breathing prior to puberty are unknown, we tested whether NMS augments respiratory instability and the HVR in 12 days old rats. Pups subjected to NMS were placed in an incubator 3h/day from P3 to P12. Controls were undisturbed. Breathing and apnea index were measured in normoxia with plethysmography. Recording chamber was maintained either at 24°C or 29°C. Peripheral chemosensitivity was assessed by hypoxia (9% O 2 ; 5 min). Heat augmented both the HVR and apnea index. Although NMS had no effect on the HVR at either temperature it increased the apneas index in males only. Males: unlike controls, NMS pups showed no correlation between the HVR and apnea index, suggesting that mechanisms other than chemosensitivity contribute to respiratory instability in this group. Females: NMS pups (not controls) showed a significant correlation between HVR and apnea index. Thus unlike males, peripheral chemoreceptors contribute to respiratory instability in NMS females. At P12, the effects of NMS on breathing differ from those reported in adults; however, sex hormones already appear to play an important role in the manifestation of stress‐related respiratory control disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".