Parameter study of liquid flow and heat transfer in a microchannel of varying cross-section
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The liquid flow and the thermal characteristics in a three-dimensional microchannel of varying rectangular cross-section was numerically investigated. The forced heat flux on the bottom and upper microchannel wall, the Joule heating due to the applied electric potential at the microchannel inlet and outlet, the electro-osmosis and the pressure-driven flow were taken into account. Using the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski electroosmotic velocity as boundary condition, the liquid velocity and the temperature distributions were found respectively solving the Navier-Stokes and the energy equations for a laminar flow in an incompressible liquid. The results obtained demonstrate the impact of the heat flux, the pressure difference and the electric potential on the liquid flow and the thermal behaviors in a microchannel of constant height and varying cross-section. A comparison of the results of the developed model with those of a microchannel of a constant cross-section was made.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".