"Of Habits Subversive" or "Capable and Compassionate": Perceptions of Transpacific Migrants, 1850s-1940s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT/RESUME In this essay transpacific migrants are first contextualized in transatlantic and intra-imperial systems. Next, life one family is analyzed with respect to its transcontinental, transcultural, and transgenerational aspects under impact distant governmental policies, global economic change, and worldwide war. Third, late nineteenth century official position that immigrants from Asia are of habits is contrasted to many common Canadians' views them as capable and compassionate neighbours and, fourth, to racialization in context imperial Britishness and Whiteness. Finally, parliamentary debates over an end to and beginning a distinct Canadian citizenship serve to illustrate this complex change attitudes at state level. Dans cet article, des migrants transpacifiques sont d'abord situes dans le contexte des systemes transatlantiques et intra-imperiaux de migration. Ensuite, l'auteur analyse l'impact de politiques gouvernementales distantes, du changement economique global et de la guerre mondiale sur la vie d'une famille, g travers ses aspects transcontinentaux, trans-culturels, et intergenerationnels. Troisiemement, la position officielle de la fin du dix-neuvieme siecle, selon laquelle les immigres asiatiques ont des >, est contrastee a l'avis de beaucoup de Canadiens selon lesquels ils sont des voisins capables et compatissants et, quatriemement, a la racialisation dans le contexte de l'identite imperiale britannique et blanche. En conclusion, les discussions parlementaires au sujet de la fin de l'exclusion et le commencement d'une citoyennete canadienne distincte servent a illustrer le changement complexe des attitudes au niveau de l'etat. ********** North American research on migrants from Europe and Asia has long privileged former. In this essay, I briefly contextualize migrants in a comparative migration systems and a longue duree approach to counter small-numbers-and-short-duration gold-rush to exclusion version nineteenth-century from Asia. (1) In United States research fragmented, with few exceptions, into Eurocentric immigration history and Asian and Hispanic studies; Canadian Ethnic Studies Association and Metropolis Project, particularly, focused on comparative adjustment and interaction migrants in cities across globe, thus keeping field comparatively integrated Having placed migrants from all continents on a par, I approach transoceanic family economies, emphasizing gendered and intergenerational as well as political and institutional aspects. Next, widespread anti-Oriental racializations will be contrasted to some Euro-Canadians' descriptions hard-working, supportive neighbours from Asia. While British Columbia officials historically commented that the Chinese are inclined to habits subversive ... are not disposed to be governed by our laws [and] are dissimilar in habit and occupation from our people, common Canadians often depicted Chinese acquaintances as capable and compassionate. Neighbours seem to have judged each other by performance rather than through gatekeeper-propounded stereotypes. (2) Finally, I discuss both imperial British migrants' and Canadian provincial and federal institutions' ambivalent views transpacific migrants. The essay's emphasis on Chinese and Chinese Canadians reflects principally size group. The use an intercultural approach reflects awareness that no historical development has only one beginning and only one possible outcome. The narratives Canadians begin, and began, in many parts world, whether transatlantic, transpacific, or other, and end in many particular local spaces. This perspective places individuals' and families' agency in hemispheric contexts that, in turn, emerge out sum individual agency. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".