The importance of temporal changes in gravel-stored fine sediment on habitat conditions in a salmon spawning stream
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sediment (<2 mm and <75 μm) was collected in a productive sockeye spawning stream in northern British Columbia, Canada, using infiltration gravel bags from the pre-spawn through to the post-spawning period of 2002. As much of the gravel-stored fine sediment (<75 μm) exists as larger, aggregated particles composed of inorganic and organic matter, their quantity, structure, composition and settling behaviour were assessed. The goal was to evaluate the temporal changes in the gravel-stored fine sediment in the context of: (a) fish activity (i.e. active spawning and die-off) and (b) inter-gravel oxygen concentrations which reflect the habitat quality. Infiltration rates of <2 mm sediment increased with stream discharge and fish redd construction. The finer (<75 μm) sediment exhibited lower infiltration rates during the peak of fish spawning activity indicating successful reduction of this sediment fraction. Inter-gravel oxygen concentration decreased 18% over the period of active spawning and salmon die-off, but recovery occurred later. Aggregate particle size and density changes were explained by the physical action of spawning fish and the inter-gravel microbial activity associated with increased high quality organic matter (fish decay products) which reduced inter-gravel oxygen concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".