Relationship Between Overweight Status at Onset and Insulin Reserve in Childen with Type 1 Diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The incidence rate of Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) is increasing in line with the obesity epidemic in children. It remains unknown whether being overweight is associated with greater insulin reserve at the onset of the disease and how this impacts disease progression. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between overweight status at onset and insulin reserve in children and adolescents with T1DM. Methods: This study is a prospective follow-up study of new onset T1DM patients (aged 1.5 to 18.9 years) identified from the Children’ Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP) Registry. This study invited all children aged <19 years, newly diagnosed with T1DM from 2004 to 2006 at CHP to participate. The main outcome of interest was C-peptide levels at the onset of T1DM and at 3-month, 6-month, 12-month, 18-month, and 24-month follow up visits. We evaluated the independent associations between C-peptide levels and overweight status at baseline using generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression models. Results: Complete data were available in 179 subjects. The patients were on average 9.5 years old at enrollment, with 22% (39) overweight, defined as body mass index ≥85th percentile for the same gender and age. Mean C-peptide levels in the study population was 0.65ng/ml at baseline. C-peptide levels increased at the 3-month follow up visit and then gradually decreased at subsequent follow-up visits. GEE models suggested a statistically significant interaction between overweight status at baseline and follow-up visits after adjustment of potential confounders. C-peptide concentrations were significantly higher for overweight compared to non-overweight participants at 3-month, 6-month, 18-month follow up visits and borderline significant at the 12-month follow up visit. Conclusion: Overweight T1DM children had higher C-peptide levels as compared to non-overweight T1DM children at 3-month, 6-month, 12-month, and 18-month follow up visits; however, at 24-months after initiation of treatment, the C-peptide levels between overweight and non-overweight groups were not statistically significant different any longer. Public health significance: Overweight patients with T1DM may potentially benefit from target preventive strategies that will help them maintain or prolong the high C-peptide levels after initiation of treatment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".