Islam Came to South East Asia from China: Evidence from Traditional Chinese Roof Design in Kampung Laut's Old Mosque, Malaysia/ L'ISLAM EST VENU EN ASIE DU SUD-EST DE LA CHINE: LES PREUVES DE LA CONCEPTION DE TOIT DU STYLE TRADITIONNEL CHINOIS DANS LES MOSQUÉES À KAMPUNG LAUT, EN MALAISIE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyse influences of traditional Chinese roof construction elements to the roof design of Kampung Laut's Old Mosque in Malaysia. The result of this study can be used as an evidence that Islam came to South East Asia (the Malay Archipelagos) from East (China) in contrast to the most arguments claimed that Islam came from West (India and Arabian region). This study conducts roof construction analysis on Kampung Laut's Old Mosque (KLOM), which is the oldest mosque in Malaysia. There are several historical studies already shows evidences to support this argument. This argument however will be supported through architectural study. The study on the roof design elements are made in the literature study. The analysis finds that KLOM has principle roof construction elements influenced by Chinese architecture but if compared to its details on construction elements, this analysis finds that there are differences between KLOM and the traditional Chinese buildings. Keywords: Roof design; Chinese; Malay; Kampung Laut's Old Mosque; Construction Resume: L'objectif de cette etude est d'analyser les influences des elements de la construction de toit traditional chinois sur la conception du toit de la vieille mosquee de Kampung Laut en Malaisie. Le resultat de cette etude peuvent etre utilise comme une preuve que l'islam est venu en Asie du sud-est (les archipels malais) de l'Est (la Chine) contrairement a la plupart des arguments affirmant que l'Islam est venu de l'Ouest (l'Inde et la region arabe). Cette etude procede a une analyse de la construction de toit de la vieille mosquee de Kampung Laut (VMKL), qui est la plus ancienne mosquee de la Malaisie. Il existe plusieurs etudes historiques qui ont deja montre des preuves en tant que l'appui de cet argument. Cet argument, toutefois, sera soutenu par l'etude architecturale. L'etude sur les elements de la conception de toit est faite dans l'etude litteraire. L'analyse conclut que les elements principaux de la construction de toit de VMKL sont influences par l'architecture chinoise, mais si on compare les details des elements de construction, on peut trouver qu'il existe des differences entre VMKL et les bâtiments traditionnels chinois. Mots-cles: conception de toit; chinois, malais; vieille mosquee de Kampung Laut; construction INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research is to measure the level of influence of the Chinese roof construction elements to Kampung Laufs Old Mosque (KLOM) in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. The Kingdom of Champa in Indo China plays a significant role in spreading Islam and Chinese architecture to the southern parts of South East Asia (known as the Malay Archipelagos, which constitute Indonesia and Malaysia). The importance of this study is to reveal through roof construction analysis to support an argument that the spread of Islam to Malaysia as well as South East Asia comes first from China (East), not from India and Arabian region (West). The study is very crucial because its findings can be used as a guideline to the design development of mosque architecture in Malaysia, especially to building roof construction in the state of Kelantan. KLOM is chosen as the case study because it is the oldest mosque not only in Kelantan, but also in Malaysia. There are several architectural research studies done before, related to this area but these studies do not focus like the title of this study. The studies instead are for the building conservation and inventory research study. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The existence of Kampung Laufs Old Mosque as the oldest mosque in Malaysia becomes the evidence that Islam comes to the Malay Archipelagos from east in contrast to most written history text books in Malaysia which note Islam comes to this region from west. The spread of Islam in this region occurred through sea route's trading activities. The primary trades were along port cities in Sumatra, Java, Malacca, Kelantan, and Pattani. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".