Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nervous system receives both auditory and somatosensory information while we talk. Speech production entails sensorimotor control and as such relies on multiple sensory inputs. The role of somatosensory input in speech motor control is little understood. Previous studies seeking to identify a somatosensory basis to speech motor function have done so in the presence of auditory inputs. Hence any effects that were observed there could be attributed to the presence of the auditory signal. Here we show that somatosensory input on its own may underlie speech production and speech motor learning. This is done by studying speech learning in cochlear implant recipients, tested with their implants turned off. Speech motor learning was assessed using a robotic device that applied forces and thus displaced the jaw and altered somatosensory feedback during speech. We found that with training implant subjects gradually adapted to the mechanical perturbation. The observed corrections were for movement deviations that were rather small, in the range of a few millimetres. This indicates that speakers have precise somatosensory expectations independent of auditory goals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".