Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rail shuttles are “niche” transit services that result from specific circumstances. They include single track shuttles in outlying areas, part-time or all-time extensions of line haul routes, and connections between major activities or transit lines. The paper describes and discusses more than 20 shuttles found in U.S., Canada, London, and Paris. It indicates why and where they were developed. Shuttles are found mainly in a few very large cities with extensive, complex, and old systems—mainly New York City, London, Paris, and Chicago. They reflect needs to better balance capacity and demand, or a result from service reconfiguration. Modern rapid transit systems with limited branching and extensive feeder bus (or park-and-ride) reduce the need for shuttles. Thus, the future shuttles will be more selectively located; they will address the need to connect to major off-line activities, provide interim service until trunk lines are completed or serve dramatic changes in future ridership.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it