Sedimentation in Ice-Damned Glacial Lake Assiniboine, Saskatchewan, and Catastrophic Drainage Down the Assiniboine Valley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ice-dammed glacial Lake Assiniboine covered approximately 1500 km2 in eastern Saskatchewan at about 11,000 BP. Lithofacies in two cores from the lake basin were identified, correlated, and linked to paleolake strandlines and inflow and outflow channels discerned from aerial photos and surface mapping. Deeper lake stages are reflected by silt and clay varve deposition in the deepest part of the basin, whereas shallower stages are represented by fluctuating grain size and current-generated sedimentary structures in sediments nearer to where influxes of melt-water occurred. The stratigraphie record revealed six lake phases, beginning with a shallow period when water collected in the interlobate area between ice on the Duck Mountain Upland to the east and the Assiniboine Ice Lobe to the west. A rise in lake level to about 495 m occurred as the southern outlet was dammed by ice. After about 85 varve years, waters from the Porcupine Hills Upland to the north flooded into glacial Lake Assiniboine, perhaps as a result of the drainage of an ice marginal lake, causing erosion at the lake's southern outlet and a drop in lake level. A second major influx of water from the Porcupine Hills area, at least 20 varve years later, led to downcutting of the outlet and draining of Lake Assiniboine. Shallow and deep channels, streamlined hills, and scattered boulders adjacent to the now-entrenched Assiniboine valley at the former outlet of glacial Lake Assiniboine suggest that the lake drained catastrophically. Similar geomorphic features at sites downstream along the Assiniboine valley are also indicative of catastrophic flow, although only those areas north of the Qu'Appelle River spillway junction are predominantly attributed to outbursts from glacial Lake Assiniboine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".