Microvascular oxygen transport in obese ZDF rats: an early model of type II diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sprague et al. (Diabetes 2006) reported impaired ATP release from human red blood cells (RBC) with type II diabetes that may contribute to impaired regulation of O 2 delivery. Our goal was to quantify O 2 transport in skeletal muscle of obese ZDF‐370 rats. Using dual wavelength intravital video microscopy we measured hemodynamics (RBC velocity, RBC supply rate, hematocrit) and RBC oxygen saturation in capillaries of extensor digitorum longus muscle as well as capillary density, glucose, TNF‐ α levels, arterial blood gases, arterial hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Results reported as mean±SD. Two groups, 7 lean ZDF‐380 rats (179±13 g) and 8 obese ZDF‐370 rats (240±10 g), were studied at 7 weeks. Both glucose and TNF‐ α levels were elevated in the obese group compared to lean (glucose: 12.3±5.1 vs 6.8±0.6 mmol/L; TNF‐α: 112±43 vs 19±9 pg/mol). There were no significant differences in total capillary density. RBC supply rate was significantly decreased in obese rats (7.2±1.1 vs 9.0±1.8 RBC/s; p < 0.05); other hemodynamic parameters were unchanged (obese vs lean: velocity 130±26 vs 157±29 μm/sRBC, Hct 14.6±3.3 vs 15.3±1.6 %). There was a trend for decreased O 2 saturation in the obese group (54±16% vs 64±5%; p = 0.19). The lower RBC supply rate and O 2 saturations suggest the start of impaired regulation of O 2 transport in this early diabetic model. Supported by NIH grant (HL‐089125) and a CIHR operating grant to Ellis & Goldman.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".