The Contribution of GIS to the Analysis of the Urban Landscape of an African Metropolis of the Wet Tropics (Yaounde-Cameroun)/Contribution Des SIG a L'analyse Du Paysage Urbain D'une Metropole d'Afrique Tropicale Humide (Yaounde-Cameroun) *
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Developed in Canada at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, it was in the 1970s and 1980s that GIS underwent a substantial expansion and became democratized. Today, the applications of GIS involve all aspects of society including: the control of natural hazards, health, geomarketing, security, environmental planning and urbanisation. With the rise of the urban phenomenon and its extension in African societies, the classical techniques and methods of production of information were unable to follow the changes. As a result, remote sensing and geographic information systems and communication became recognized as excellent advanced tools for the spatial analysis of human environments. In urban environments particularly, the use of GIS has been interested in spatial features such as urban densities and the extension of the urban perimeter. While the use of GIS has become widespread in developed countries, the application of these new techniques for spatial analysis progressed very slowly in developing countries. Thus, in Cameroon, the only application to date was for the city of Yaounde where the contribution of GIS involved the identification of constructible zones, information of use to urban planners. It was therefore in the spirit of continuing this development and contributing to improving the detailed knowledge of this capital city that the present work was undertaken. In effect, in the context of the program Population and Areas at Risk to Human Health of the Institut de recherche pour le developpement (IRD) involving the study of infantile diarrhoea in Yaounde, land use, the control and management of urban land were identified as a complex factor that could at least acceleratele and even accentuate the development of these diseases. Accurate data to measure and synthesize this factor were unavailable at the beginning of this study, so GIS was identified as an important tool to produce the required data. Using the techniques and methods of spatial analysis developed in ArcInfo, the urban landscape of Yaounde was updated in relation to the two principal components of land use and density of the built environment. GIS allowed the study to distinguish: * From the perspective of the density of the built environment, those urban zones (a) where the built environment density i slow, (b) those where it is average, and (c), those where it is very high. * From the perspective of land use, (a) urban zones were the occupation of the land is regular, i.e. where houses have been built on legally defined parcels of land with property titles, (b) zones where the development has been irregular, i.e. where citizens have occupied the land in an uncontrolled and illegal manner, and (c) urban zones where the property situation is confused. This set of precise and up-to-date data can serve as a data base for future work, and as well, can provide decision-makers and urban planners with the bases for reflection and support to (re)formulate their housing policies for Yaounde's population. RESUMES Dans le cadre du programme Populations et Espaces a Risques SANitaires (PERSAN) de l'institut de recherche pour le developpement (IRD) sur l'etude des diarrhees infantiles a Yaounde, le mode d'occupation, de controle et de gestion du sol urbain a ete identifie comme un facteur de risque du moins accelerateur, sinon aggravant des maladies diarrheiques. La possession des donnees precises et synthetiques pour objectiver ce facteur de risque ayant fait defaut au debut de l'etude, les SIG se sont presentes comme un outil important pour la production de ces donnees. De fait, a l'aide des techniques et methodes d'analyse spatiale developpees sous ArcInfo, le paysage urbain de Yaounde a ete mis au jour a travers ses deux principales composantes que sont le mode d'occupation du sol, et la densite du bati. ********** Dans le monde contemporain, 80 % des informations ont une base spatiale (Laurini 2001). …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".