Bibliographic record
Abstract
甲午以后，随着西学异质文化的大规模传入，崇尚西学、新学之风日盛，中国传统学术受到前所未有的冲击，文化秩序处于重建的大动荡中。近代中国知识分子在接受新知与保存、改造传统之间，面临着前所未有的挑战。在这种情况下，以刚接受的西方新知、新理、新法整理中国传统旧籍，发明中国旧学之新义，以适应近代学术演进之大势，成为晚清学术演进之必然趋势。西方近代的自然科学打开了中国近代思想家的视野，使近代学人得以从一个崭新的角度重新认识宇宙、认识自然，客观上促进了传统学术的现代转型，开辟了一条文化秩序重建的道路。章太炎、康有为及梁启超堪为其中之典范。
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".