Speckle photography for measuring 3-D deformation inside a transparent soil model
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper addresses the needs for non-intrusively measuring 3-D internal soil deformation for various geotechnical engineering problems. In this study transparent soils are used to model a soil profile of sand overlying soft clay. Transparent soils are made of either transparent amorphous silica gels or powders with a pore fluid having the same refractive index. Conventional geotechnical tests showed that transparent soil exhibited macro-geotechnical properties similar to those of natural soils. A comparison study also showed that transparent soils can be used to simulate natural soil in model tests. An optical system consisting of a laser light, a CCD camera, a frame grabber, and a computer was developed to optically slice the transparent soil model. A distinctive laser speckle pattern is generated by the interaction between laser light and transparent soil. Speckle photography was used to calculate the 2-D displacement field by cross-correlating two consecutive images captured during footing settlement. A 3-D displacement field under a model footing was obtained in Matlab®by combining multiple slices of 2-D displacement fields. Test results showed that the developed optical system and transparent soil are suitable for studying 3-D soil-structural interaction problems
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it