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Water Requirements for Manufacturing [with Discussion]

2016· article· en· W35219824 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Robert W. A. Brewer

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Pharmaceutics · 2016
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicMembrane Separation Technologies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsQuarter (Canadian coin)PopulationCensusAnnual growth %Population growthGross domestic productAgricultural economicsEconomicsGeographyDemographyEconomic growth

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

By the end of this century the average recirculation rate will be double or triple that of 1964. A marked trend toward higher recirculation rates will probably be evident in the Census of Manufactures water canvass to be conducted next year. In the last quarter of 1967 the United States population passed the 200,000,000 mark, and the gross national product reached $807 billion. By the year 2020, if the current annual population growth rate of 1.3 per cent is maintained, the population will be 398,000,000, but if the growth rate returns to the 1.6 per cent annual increase which persisted until recently, the population may reach 468,000,000. Economic growth is expected to continue at a sustained rate of about 4 per cent annually. Between 1960 and 1966, the average annual rate was 4.6 per cent. By 2020, the gross national product may reach the level of $6.3 trillion (1967 dollars), or about 8.5 times the current level.1' 2

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.109
Threshold uncertainty score0.364

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0030.003
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0030.003
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.1090.067

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.048
GPT teacher head0.354
Teacher spread0.305 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2016
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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