Hibah dalam undang-undang pusaka Islam: Elemen ijtihadi dan realiti di Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jaminan kejayaan hidup di dunia dan akhirat akan tercapai sekiranya setiap insan mengurus dan mengatur kehidupannya berteraskan hukum dan syariat Islam. Harta dan kuasa merupakan amanah Allah yang perlu diuruskan dengan bijak dan berlandaskan syariatNya. Secara ringkasnya, pengurusan harta secara lslam bermatlamat memperolehi hasanah di dunia dan akhirat. Syariat lslam yang syumul turut menggariskan panduan lengkap berkaitan pengurusan harta selepas kematian melalui undang-undang Pusaka lslam yang lengkap dan sistematik berkaitan pengagihan harta melalui instrumen wasiat, Hibah dan wakaf. Sehubungan itu, kertas kerja ini akan memfokuskan kepada instrumen Hibah dalam undan-undang pusaka lslam meliputi isu hukum dan realiti aplikasinya di Malaysia. Hibah merupakan elemen pengagihan harta terkandung dalam konsep pengurusan harta secara Islam. Hibah perlu difahami secara mendalam aspek konsep dan aplikasinya dari segi hukum dan cara pelaksanaan. Selepas kematian pihak yang menghibahkan harta mereka, sering timbul pertikaian di kalangan pihak-pihak terbabit sehingga menyukarkan penyelesaian harta pusaka. Oleh itu, sekiranya instrumen ini diuruskan dengan teratur dan menepati kehendak syarak, maka nasib golongan yang ada hak dan berhak pasti terbela.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.062 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".