Realizzazione di una normativa per la registrazionedei Potenziali Evocati Miogenici Vestibolari (VEMPs)con Amplaid MK22
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The term VEMPs (Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials) means a muscular potential evoked at the sternocleidomastoideus muscle (SCM) following an intense acoustic stimulation, through the activation of vestibular receptor structures. This is called vestibulocollic reflex. It is believed that the Vemps are due to a disynaptic reflex arc that consists of otolitic receptors, saccular mainly, vestibular nuclei (1st synapse), spinal motoneurons (2nd synapse) and the SCM. These potentials, recorded as undulatory fluctuations compared to the isoelettric signal, are characterized by a biphasic complex called p1-n1 (or p13-N23) that appears within 30 ms from stimulus. The presence of this complex indicates the integrity of the reflex, especially of the lower branch of the vestibular nerve. Currently the only parameter on which to rely in vestibular diagnostics are the p1 and n1 latencies with the presence/absence of the potential. Other waves have been identified as the p2-n2 (or p34-N44) that probably derive from cochlear afferences, but these being so fickle these are useless. The purpose of our experiment was to obtain normative reference values for the apparatus responsible for the registration of these potentials at the Operative Unit of Audiology of Ferrara, in this case it is an Amplaid MK22 commonly used in recording evoked potentials. The p1-n1 complex was examined in 50 normally-hearing volunteer adults aged between 19 and 32 years (average 23.4), with stapedial reflexes present bilaterally and without history of dizziness. The acoustic stimulus used was a 500 Hz logon with a duration of 10 msec, with a repetition frequency of 4/sec and with an intensity of 130 dB SPL presented monaural or binaural via air conduction. The term VEMPs (Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials) means a muscular potential evoked at the sternocleidomastoideus muscle (SCM) following an intense acoustic stimulation, through the activation of vestibular receptor structures. This is called vestibulocollic reflex. It is believed that the Vemps are due to a disynaptic reflex arc that consists of otolitic receptors, saccular mainly, vestibular nuclei (1st synapse), spinal motoneurons (2nd synapse) and the SCM. These potentials, recorded as undulatory fluctuations compared to the isoelettric signal, are characterized by a biphasic complex called p1-n1 (or p13-N23) that appears within 30 ms from stimulus. The presence of this complex indicates the integrity of the reflex, especially of the lower branch of the vestibular nerve. Currently the only parameter on which to rely in vestibular diagnostics are the p1 and n1 latencies with the presence/absence of the potential. Other waves have been identified as the p2-n2 (or p34-N44) that probably derive from cochlear afferences, but these being so fickle these are useless. The purpose of our experiment was to obtain normative reference values for the apparatus responsible for the registration of these potentials at the Operative Unit of Audiology of Ferrara, in this case it is an Amplaid MK22 commonly used in recording evoked potentials. The p1-n1 complex was examined in 50 normally-hearing volunteer adults aged between 19 and 32 years (average 23.4), with stapedial reflexes present bilaterally and without history of dizziness. The acoustic stimulus used was a 500 Hz logon with a duration of 10 msec, with a repetition frequency of 4/sec and with an intensity of 130 dB SPL presented monaural or binaural via air conduction. The term VEMPs (Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials) means a muscular potential evoked at the sternocleidomastoideus muscle (SCM) following an intense acoustic stimulation, through the activation of vestibular receptor structures. This is called vestibulocollic reflex. It is believed that the Vemps are due to a disynaptic reflex arc that consists of otolitic receptors, saccular mainly, vestibular nuclei (1st synapse), spinal motoneurons (2nd synapse) and the SCM. These potentials, recorded as undulatory fluctuations compared to the isoelettric signal, are characterized by a biphasic complex called p1-n1 (or p13-N23) that appears within 30 ms from stimulus. The presence of this complex indicates the integrity of the reflex, especially of the lower branch of the vestibular nerve. Currently the only parameter on which to rely in vestibular diagnostics are the p1 and n1 latencies with the presence/absence of the potential. Other waves have been identified as the p2-n2 (or p34-N44) that probably derive from cochlear afferences, but these being so fickle these are useless. The purpose of our experiment was to obtain normative reference values for the apparatus responsible for the registration of these potentials at the Operative Unit of Audiology of Ferrara, in this case it is an Amplaid MK22 commonly used in recording evoked potentials. The p1-n1 complex was examined in 50 normally-hearing volunteer adults aged between 19 and 32 years (average 23.4), with stapedial reflexes present bilaterally and without history of dizziness. The acoustic stimulus used was a 500 Hz logon with a duration of 10 msec, with a repetition frequency of 4/sec and with an intensity of 130 dB SPL presented monaural or binaural via air conduction. The results showed the costant presence of the complex p1-n1 while the complex p2-n2 is present only in a small percentage of subjects. The p1 and n1 latencies and the p1-n1 complex width reproduce faithfully in the same subject, while there is a more obvious interindividual difference regarding the p1-n1 width than for the p1 and n1 latencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.051 | 0.053 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".