Subglacial processes, glacier dynamics, and deglacial processes and patterns associated with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet around Okanagan Valley, British Columbia.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis explores subglacial processes, glacier dynamics, and deglacial processes and patterns associated with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) in Okanagan Valley and the neighbouring Thompson Plateau in southern British Columbia. Reconstructions of subglacial processes in an area of streamlined bedforms (drumlins) on Thompson Plateau reveal that sediments within drumlins and in intervening areas record evidence of lodgement, deformation, poreflow, conduit flow, debris flows, and suspension settling of fines within a network of subglacial cavities. These subglacial cavities developed within a regional bedrock basin. These sediments demonstrate that substrate deformation is not a dominant and pervasive process recorded within the drumlins. Based on i) drumlin morphology, including the presence of stoss-side crescentic troughs and en echelon arrangement, ii) drumlin composition consisting of sediment and bedrock, it is argued that drumlins on Thompson Plateau have an erosional origin. Further, regional spatial associations between drumlins and tunnel valleys (including some in bedrock) on Thompson Plateau and in Okanagan Valley, and arguments relying on the continuity of eroded sediments suggest that erosion by subglacial meltwater underburst(s) best explains the range of observations. Underbursts may have been associated with development and drainage of a subglacial ‘catch lake’ in Okanagan Valley. High geothermal heat flux in Okanagan Valley could have favoured subglacial lake development. Subglacial volcanic eruptions may have acted as triggers for lakedrainage. Lastly, deglaciation of the CIS led to development of a proglacial lake in Okanagan Valley (glacial Lake Penticton - gLP). Sediment delivery to gLP occurred via tributary valleys and possibly from an ice tongue along the valley axis. Regional delta correlations record a highstand of gLP at 500-525 m asl followed by a single drainage event which eroded a portion of the lacustrine valley fill to produce distinctive remnant valley-side benches (‘White Silt’ terraces) of lacustrine sediments. No evidence of glacioisostatic tilting could be discerned within the gLP basin, this is tentatively ascribed to lithospheric conditions favouring rapid crustal rebound, and to thin ice with uniform thickness in the gLP basin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".