Numerical Analysis of Two-Phase Turbulent Flow in Horizontal Channel with Experimental Verification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i>, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), is a herbivore that primarily feeds on <i>Solanum</i> foliage and is a global pest of the potato agricultural industry. Potato breeding through cross-hybridization with CPB-resistant wild relatives is used for genetic improvement. The wild species <i>Solanum okadae</i> was demonstrated to deter CPB feeding in choice and no choice feeding assays. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for comparative metabolite profiling between <i>S. okadae</i> and CPB-susceptible domesticated potato variety, <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> cv. Shepody. Major foliar metabolites detected were steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) with tomatine and dehydrotomatine produced in <i>S. okadae</i> and solanine and chaconine in <i>S. tuberosum</i> cv. Shepody. Cardiac glycosides were also detected in the foliar metabolite profile of <i>S. okadae</i> but not <i>S. tuberosum</i> cv. Shepody. This class of plant compounds have known insecticidal activity through inhibition of animal Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) separation of foliar extracts also provided evidence for cardiac glycosides in <i>S. okadae</i>. Cardiac glycosides are known inhibitors of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase, and foliar extracts from <i>S. okadae</i> (OKA15), but not <i>S. tuberosum</i> cv. Shepody, were able to inhibit the Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase of CPB. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of plant resistance against CPB involving production of cardiac glycosides in <i>S. okadae</i>.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".