Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract.-Several coregonid species in northern latitudes exhibit diadromous behavior and may share river/lake systems with conspecifics who are freshwater residents. Although both life history strategies have been reported in a variety of systems, little information on the extent and variability in diadromous behavior both within and among populations exists. We addressed this issue using inconnu Stenodus leucichthys from the Mackenzie River drainage (Northwest Territories, Canada) as a model. At the extremes of their distribution within this system, inconnu have been characterized by alternative life history strategies. Those in the north exhibit diadromous behavior, while those in the south demonstrate life history closure within the upper reaches of the system (i.e., freshwater residency). We examined the otolith strontium profiles of inconnu collected from 12 regions throughout the Mackenzie watershed to (1) determine the geographical range over which diadromy occurs in this system, (2) characterize the variability in diadromous behavior within and among populations, and (3) identify physical/ environmental factors that may influence choice between a diadromous or freshwater life history. Our results demonstrate that the degree of diadromy within populations of inconnu tends to gradually decrease with distance from marine waters, rather than showing an abrupt transition from diadromy to freshwater residency. We conclude that distance from a marine food source plays an important role in determining whether fish remain in freshwater or migrate to the sea to feed. Within diadromous populations of inconnu, there is a substantial level of flexibility in the extent and frequency of marine migration by individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".