Addressing the Early Age Low Friction Problem of Stone Mastic Asphalt Pavement in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Ontario, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) was introduced in the early 1990's and has been in use since 2002 on major highways. Lately, concerns have been raised over the use of SMA in Ontario because of early age low skid resistance. The initial attempt to resolve this issue through the selection of premium aggregates alone was inadequate. It appears that the early age low skid resistance may have been influenced by the thick asphalt film associated with high asphalt mortar content in the mix. This masks the microtexture of protruding aggregates on the pavement surface. To address the early age low skid resistance of SMA mix, a joint MTO/Industry Task Group (TG), consisting of members from MTO and the Ontario Hot Mix Producers Association (OHMPA) was formed. To enhance the efficacy of this investigation, the TG was further divided into three sub groups targeting three specific areas: mix design, construction, and treatment. This paper presents the results of the investigation carried out by the mix design group. Based on the investigation, the task group has recommended changes in the existing specification for SMA. The rationale for changing the existing specification is also discussed in the paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".