AVOIDING CaHPO4 KIDNEY STONES DURING OLIGURIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CaHPO 4 kidney stones grow when the (Ca) X HPO 4 2− ion product exceeds its solubility‐product constant (K SP ). For example, when the U FR (1.2 ml/min) declines 4‐fold to its nadir (0.3 ml/min), this ion product should rise 16 ‐fold if there were no change in the excretions of calcium and phosphate. Our objective was to determine how much the CaHPO 4 ion product would rise when the U FR fell after 16‐h of water deprivation. We studied 16 healthy subjects who did not eat or drink for 16‐hr beginning at 20:00‐h (0‐h). Completeness of urine collections was ensured by creatinine excretion rates. The U FR at 0‐h & 16‐h of water deprivation were 0.7±0.1 and 0.3±0.05 ml/min, respectively (p<0.01). The urine Ca (2.6±0.5 & 1.2±0.3 mM), phosphate (39±4 & 22±3 mM), and citrate (3.4±1.3 & 2.2±0.4 mM) concentrations fell over time. In addition, the Na+K excretion rate fell significantly (155±20 & 88±14 μmol/min) when the U FR reached its nadir; however there was no change in the U osm (1059±62 & 1067±29 mOsm/L). We conclude that instead of an expected > 2‐fold increase in the concentrations of calcium and phosphate when the U FR fell, these ion concentrations decreased by > 50 % suggesting marked stimulation of Ca and phosphate reabsorption while oliguric; there was, however, no significant change in the ECF volume. Since the fall in calcium exceed that of citrate, the ion product for CaHPO 4 decreased during oliguria. Thus the reabsorption of Ca and phosphate was enhanced while the avidity for Na reabsorption was enhanced. Hence oliguria in normal subjects is not a risk factor for precipitation of CaHPO 4 overnight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".